Washington County Natural Disasters and Weather Extremes
Hot Minnesota Rankings
The chance of earthquake damage in Washington County is about the same as Minnesota average and is much lower than the national average. The risk of tornado damage in Washington County is higher than Minnesota average and is higher than the national average.
Earthquake Index, #55
| Washington County | 0.00 |
| Minnesota | 0.01 |
| U.S. | 1.81 |
The earthquake index value is calculated based on historical earthquake events data using USA.com algorithms. It is an indicator of the earthquake level in a region. A higher earthquake index value means a higher chance of an earthquake.
Volcano Index, #1
| Washington County | 0.0000 |
| Minnesota | 0.0000 |
| U.S. | 0.0023 |
The volcano index value is calculated based on the currently known volcanoes using USA.com algorithms. It is an indicator of the possibility of a region being affected by a possible volcano eruption. A higher volcano index value means a higher chance of being affected.
Tornado Index, #17
| Washington County | 187.20 |
| Minnesota | 135.90 |
| U.S. | 136.45 |
The tornado index value is calculated based on historical tornado events data using USA.com algorithms. It is an indicator of the tornado level in a region. A higher tornado index value means a higher chance of tornado events.
Other Weather Extremes Events
A total of 11,259 other weather extremes events within 50 miles of Washington County were recorded from 1950 to 2010. The following is a break down of these events:
| Type | Count | Type | Count | Type | Count | Type | Count | Type | Count |
| Avalanche: | 0 | Blizzard: | 61 | Cold: | 91 | Dense Fog: | 69 | Drought: | 35 |
| Dust Storm: | 0 | Flood: | 522 | Hail: | 4,720 | Heat: | 46 | Heavy Snow: | 132 |
| High Surf: | 0 | Hurricane: | 0 | Ice Storm: | 27 | Landslide: | 0 | Strong Wind: | 103 |
| Thunderstorm Winds: | 4,615 | Tropical Storm: | 0 | Wildfire: | 2 | Winter Storm: | 279 | Winter Weather: | 43 |
| Other: | 514 | ||||||||
Volcanos Nearby
No volcano is found in or near Washington County.
Historical Earthquake Events
No historical earthquake events that had recorded magnitudes of 3.5 or above found in or near Washington County.
No historical earthquake events found in or near Washington County.
Historical Tornado Events
A total of 68 historical tornado events that had recorded magnitude of 2 or above found in or near Washington County.
| Distance (miles) | Date | Magnitude | Start Lat/Log | End Lat/Log | Length | Width | Fatalities | Injuries | Property Damage | Crop Damage | Affected County |
| 2.1 | 1958-05-24 | 3 | 45°09'N / 92°57'W | 44°58'N / 92°46'W | 15.10 Miles | 50 Yards | 0 | 6 | 250K | 0 | Washington |
| 9.0 | 1958-10-09 | 2 | 45°01'N / 92°44'W | 45°01'N / 92°41'W | 0 | 0 | 25K | 0 | St. Croix | ||
| 9.6 | 2008-05-25 | 3 | 45°10'N / 93°01'W | 45°10'N / 92°55'W | 4.00 Miles | 220 Yards | 1 | 17 | 25.0M | 0K | Washington |
| Brief Description: EVENT NARRATIVE: The tornado touched down on the eastern side of Lino Lakes, at the eastern shore of Peltier Lake. The tornado felled trees and lifted boat docks, then tracked east and crossed Interstate 35E. As this occurred, a few barns, grain bins, and silos were damaged. The tornado then intensified as it moved into northwestern Washington County and a subdivision (Creekview Preserve), about two miles north of downtown Hugo. It was at this point (around 16:01), that the twister caused EF-3 damage. The tornado dissipated in the eastern portion of Hugo, just north of Irish Avenue and 140th Street. Seven hundred and ninety four homes, including mobile homes, were affected by the storm in some way. A total of 91 homes sustained minor structural damage, numerous broken windows, and damage to small sections of roof. Twenty seven homes were destroyed, totally collapsed, or not economically feasible to repair. A two year old boy died after being blown out of the first floor of his home in Creekview Preserve. A 62 year old woman died an indirect death when she suffered a heart attack during cleanup in Hugo a few days later. Some important information provided by the Pioneer Press, Star Tribune, and other local newspapers. EPISODE NARRATIVE: A cold front was the catalyst for numerous reports of severe weather on this date. | |||||||||||
| 11.3 | 2008-05-25 | 3 | 45°10'N / 93°03'W | 45°10'N / 93°01'W | 2.00 Miles | 220 Yards | 0 | 0 | 300K | 0K | Anoka |
| Brief Description: EVENT NARRATIVE: The tornado touched down on the eastern side of Lino Lakes, at the eastern shore of Peltier Lake. The tornado felled trees and lifted boat docks, then tracked east and crossed Interstate 35E. As this occurred, a few barns, grain bins, and silos were damaged. The tornado then intensified as it moved into northwestern Washington County and a subdivision (Creekview Preserve), about two miles north of downtown Hugo. It was at this point (around 16:01), that the twister caused EF-3 damage. The tornado dissipated in the eastern portion of Hugo, just north of Irish Avenue and 140th Street. Seven hundred and ninety four homes, including mobile homes, were affected by the storm in some way. A total of 91 homes sustained minor structural damage, numerous broken windows, and damage to small sections of roof. Twenty seven homes were destroyed, totally collapsed, or not economically feasible to repair. A two year old boy in Washington County (see corresponding entry) died after being blown out of the first floor of his home in Creekview Preserve. A 62 year old woman in Washington County died an indirect death due to a heart attack during cleanup in Hugo a few days later. Some important information provided by the Pioneer Press, Star Tribune, and other local newspapers. EPISODE NARRATIVE: A cold front was the catalyst for numerous reports of severe weather on this date. | |||||||||||
| 12.2 | 1981-06-14 | 3 | 44°53'N / 93°10'W | 45°00'N / 93°02'W | 10.00 Miles | 600 Yards | 1 | 60 | 25.0M | 0 | Ramsey |
| 12.3 | 1952-06-24 | 2 | 45°07'N / 93°05'W | 45°12'N / 93°04'W | 5.10 Miles | 267 Yards | 0 | 9 | 2.5M | 0 | Anoka |
| 13.0 | 1954-06-25 | 2 | 44°50'N / 92°55'W | 44°52'N / 92°51'W | 2.70 Miles | 1760 Yards | 0 | 0 | 25K | 0 | Washington |
| 13.8 | 1965-05-06 | 4 | 45°08'N / 93°10'W | 45°10'N / 93°05'W | 3.80 Miles | 667 Yards | 0 | 0 | 25.0M | 0 | Anoka |
| 14.8 | 1958-05-24 | 3 | 44°58'N / 92°46'W | 44°51'N / 92°32'W | 13.70 Miles | 50 Yards | 0 | 6 | 250K | 0 | St. Croix |
| 15.6 | 1984-04-26 | 3 | 45°02'N / 93°13'W | 45°06'N / 93°12'W | 4.50 Miles | 600 Yards | 0 | 0 | 25.0M | 0 | Ramsey |
| 16.4 | 1984-04-26 | 3 | 45°01'N / 93°14'W | 45°02'N / 93°13'W | 1.00 Mile | 60 Yards | 1 | 52 | 25.0M | 0 | Hennepin |
| 16.7 | 1965-05-06 | 4 | 45°03'N / 93°17'W | 45°08'N / 93°10'W | 7.60 Miles | 667 Yards | 0 | 108 | 25.0M | 0 | Ramsey |
| 17.5 | 1965-07-12 | 2 | 45°17'N / 92°59'W | 0.30 Mile | 33 Yards | 0 | 0 | 25K | 0 | Washington | |
| 17.7 | 1953-05-10 | 2 | 44°50'N / 92°40'W | 44°51'N / 92°39'W | 0 | 0 | 2.5M | 0 | Pierce | ||
| 18.0 | 1954-08-15 | 2 | 45°07'N / 92°35'W | 45°08'N / 92°30'W | 3.00 Miles | 100 Yards | 0 | 0 | 250K | 0 | St. Croix |
| 18.2 | 1953-05-10 | 2 | 44°51'N / 92°39'W | 45°13'N / 92°23'W | 28.30 Miles | 100 Yards | 1 | 9 | 2.5M | 0 | St. Croix |
| 18.2 | 1965-05-06 | 4 | 45°02'N / 93°17'W | 45°08'N / 93°14'W | 6.80 Miles | 1000 Yards | 3 | 175 | 25.0M | 0 | Anoka |
| 20.2 | 1986-07-18 | 2 | 45°00'N / 93°17'W | 45°10'N / 93°19'W | 2.00 Miles | 833 Yards | 0 | 0 | 2.5M | 0 | Hennepin |
| 20.3 | 1967-06-12 | 2 | 45°18'N / 92°42'W | 0.50 Mile | 50 Yards | 0 | 0 | 25K | 0 | Polk | |
| 20.6 | 1981-06-14 | 3 | 44°49'N / 93°16'W | 44°53'N / 93°10'W | 6.20 Miles | 600 Yards | 0 | 23 | 25.0M | 0 | Hennepin |
| 20.6 | 2005-09-21 | 2 | 45°10'N / 93°19'W | 45°11'N / 93°13'W | 2.00 Miles | 50 Yards | 0 | 1 | 5.0M | 0 | Anoka |
| Brief Description: A damage survey determined that the tornado touched down in the east central portion of Coon Rapids, only a few blocks west of the border with Blaine. It traveled east-southeast causing mostly F0 to F1 damage at first, but strengthened to F2 status near the intersection of Jefferson Street and 104th Court. The tornado dissipated only 1/4 mile west of the National Sports Center complex. Ten homes were rendered uninhabitable, and thirty others were damaged to a lesser extent. A woman suffered minor injuries when she was blown from the upper story of her home into a tree. | |||||||||||
| 21.6 | 1986-07-18 | 2 | 45°10'N / 93°19'W | 45°09'N / 93°17'W | 2.00 Miles | 833 Yards | 0 | 0 | 2.5M | 0 | Anoka |
| 21.7 | 1965-05-06 | 4 | 44°59'N / 93°23'W | 45°03'N / 93°17'W | 5.90 Miles | 667 Yards | 6 | 50 | 25.0M | 0 | Hennepin |
| 24.2 | 1983-07-03 | 4 | 45°13'N / 93°19'W | 1.00 Mile | 67 Yards | 0 | 4 | 25K | 0 | Anoka | |
| 25.7 | 1951-07-20 | 3 | 44°56'N / 93°30'W | 44°53'N / 93°16'W | 11.60 Miles | 33 Yards | 5 | 40 | 25.0M | 0 | Hennepin |
| 25.8 | 1979-05-22 | 2 | 44°49'N / 93°19'W | 2.00 Miles | 100 Yards | 0 | 0 | 2.5M | 0 | Hennepin | |
| 26.0 | 1951-06-19 | 4 | 45°12'N / 93°23'W | 45°13'N / 93°21'W | 1 | 9 | 2.5M | 0 | Anoka | ||
| 26.1 | 1987-07-23 | 3 | 45°09'N / 93°29'W | 45°07'N / 93°20'W | 5.00 Miles | 170 Yards | 0 | 0 | 25.0M | 0 | Hennepin |
| 27.3 | 1966-07-05 | 2 | 45°09'N / 93°29'W | 45°04'N / 93°24'W | 6.50 Miles | 33 Yards | 0 | 0 | 250K | 0 | Hennepin |
| 29.1 | 2010-07-14 | 2 | 44°46'N / 92°34'W | 44°48'N / 92°16'W | 15.00 Miles | 100 Yards | 0 | 0 | 0K | 0K | Pierce |
| Brief Description: EVENT NARRATIVE: Several barns and sheds were destroyed, and structural damage was noted at some homes. Many trees were broken or snapped. This tornado was accompanied by strong rear flank downdraft winds, which also knocked down trees and damaged some sheds. EPISODE NARRATIVE: The morning of Wednesday July 14th had a complex of severe thunderstorms moving across eastern North Dakota, into portions of west-central and central Minnesota. This complex moved eastward during the morning, and intensified across portions of east-central Minnesota and west-central Wisconsin. Several waves of severe thunderstorms developed across west-central Wisconsin and began to reform westward into Minnesota by the early afternoon. These severe storms that reformed in east-central Minnesota, quickly moved into west-central Wisconsin by the mid afternoon and caused tornadoes and damaging straight-line winds. In addition to the winds and hail, several inches of rainfall caused flooding in Polk, Barron, St Croix and Rusk Counties. | |||||||||||
| 30.9 | 1979-10-03 | 2 | 44°43'N / 92°27'W | 2.50 Miles | 100 Yards | 0 | 0 | 25K | 0 | Pierce | |
| 32.0 | 1952-06-23 | 2 | 44°50'N / 93°30'W | 44°51'N / 93°28'W | 0 | 5 | 2.5M | 0 | Hennepin | ||
| 32.8 | 1965-05-06 | 4 | 44°51'N / 93°32'W | 44°57'N / 93°32'W | 6.90 Miles | 200 Yards | 0 | 0 | 25.0M | 0 | Carver |
| 32.9 | 1958-06-04 | 5 | 44°54'N / 92°20'W | 44°55'N / 92°09'W | 8.60 Miles | 880 Yards | 1 | 20 | 25.0M | 0 | St. Croix |
| 33.8 | 2010-07-14 | 2 | 44°45'N / 92°21'W | 44°49'N / 92°15'W | 6.00 Miles | 30 Yards | 0 | 0 | 0K | 0K | Pierce |
| Brief Description: EVENT NARRATIVE: Several sheds and outbuildings were destroyed, as were a couple of barns. Hundreds of trees were snapped. The tornado was accompanied by strong rear flank downdraft winds that also knocked down numerous trees. EPISODE NARRATIVE: The morning of Wednesday July 14th had a complex of severe thunderstorms moving across eastern North Dakota, into portions of west-central and central Minnesota. This complex moved eastward during the morning, and intensified across portions of east-central Minnesota and west-central Wisconsin. Several waves of severe thunderstorms developed across west-central Wisconsin and began to reform westward into Minnesota by the early afternoon. These severe storms that reformed in east-central Minnesota, quickly moved into west-central Wisconsin by the mid afternoon and caused tornadoes and damaging straight-line winds. In addition to the winds and hail, several inches of rainfall caused flooding in Polk, Barron, St Croix and Rusk Counties. | |||||||||||
| 33.8 | 1967-07-22 | 2 | 44°49'N / 92°23'W | 44°46'N / 92°12'W | 9.20 Miles | 200 Yards | 0 | 3 | 250K | 0 | Pierce |
| 33.9 | 1981-06-14 | 2 | 44°51'N / 92°15'W | 0.50 Mile | 33 Yards | 0 | 0 | 250K | 0 | Pierce | |
| 33.9 | 1966-07-10 | 2 | 45°20'N / 92°20'W | 2.00 Miles | 33 Yards | 0 | 2 | 250K | 0 | Polk | |
| 35.3 | 1977-07-30 | 3 | 45°10'N / 92°13'W | 45°13'N / 92°11'W | 2.70 Miles | 200 Yards | 0 | 0 | 2.5M | 0 | St. Croix |
| 35.5 | 1952-06-24 | 2 | 44°20'N / 93°51'W | 45°07'N / 93°05'W | 65.80 Miles | 267 Yards | 0 | 6 | 2.5M | 0 | Le Sueur |
| 35.6 | 2006-09-16 | 2 | 45°12'N / 93°38'W | 45°14'N / 93°31'W | 7.00 Miles | 100 Yards | 1 | 0 | 30.0M | 0 | Hennepin |
| Brief Description: A tornado touched down on the western edge of Sylvan Lake and moved quickly northeast. It produced F0 damage to some farms and rural residences in Hassan Township before strengthening and entering the northwest corner of Rogers. It gained F2 status briefly as it moved through a residential neighborhood in Rogers, where it took the life of a 10 year old girl in a home. A home weather station 2/3 mile southeast of the tornado at this point measured 65 mph inflow winds. The tornado crossed Interstate 94 and entered another neighborhood, where F1 damage was produced. One house with significant damage had a home weather station in the back yard. Once the data were retrieved, its peak gust was found to have reached 105 mph. The tornado then moved into the northern tip of Dayton, alternating between F0 and F1 damage, then exited Hennepin County, crossed the Mississippi River and entered the city of Ramsey in Anoka County (see separate entry). The maximum width in Hennepin County was 100 yards, although its maximum width in Anoka County was only 25 yards. F10PH | |||||||||||
| 35.8 | 1968-05-15 | 2 | 44°29'N / 93°12'W | 44°35'N / 92°55'W | 15.40 Miles | 333 Yards | 0 | 1 | 250K | 0 | Dakota |
| 35.8 | 1980-07-15 | 2 | 45°05'N / 92°10'W | 45°05'N / 92°09'W | 0 | 0 | 2.5M | 0 | St. Croix | ||
| 36.0 | 1987-07-27 | 3 | 44°34'N / 92°43'W | 44°28'N / 93°02'W | 20.00 Miles | 220 Yards | 0 | 0 | 2.5M | 0 | Goodhue |
| 36.6 | 1980-07-15 | 2 | 45°05'N / 92°09'W | 45°05'N / 92°08'W | 1 | 12 | 2.5M | 0 | Dunn | ||
| 37.0 | 2001-05-09 | 2 | 44°30'N / 93°02'W | 44°31'N / 92°59'W | 4.00 Miles | 50 Yards | 0 | 0 | 4.0M | 0 | Goodhue |
| Brief Description: The Northfield tornado (which originated in Rice County) dissipated on the south side of Lake Byllesby, but not before destroying several sheds and causing minor damage to 12 homes. | |||||||||||
| 37.0 | 1958-05-24 | 3 | 44°51'N / 92°32'W | 44°37'N / 92°00'W | 30.60 Miles | 50 Yards | 0 | 0 | 250K | 0 | Pierce |
| 37.3 | 1998-03-29 | 2 | 44°33'N / 93°15'W | 44°33'N / 93°11'W | 3.00 Miles | 440 Yards | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Dakota |
| 37.5 | 1952-06-23 | 3 | 45°25'N / 92°38'W | 45°35'N / 92°20'W | 18.20 Miles | 100 Yards | 2 | 6 | 2.5M | 0 | Polk |
| 37.5 | 1977-07-30 | 3 | 45°13'N / 92°11'W | 45°14'N / 92°09'W | 0 | 0 | 2.5M | 0 | Polk | ||
| 39.2 | 2001-05-09 | 2 | 44°28'N / 93°05'W | 44°30'N / 93°02'W | 3.00 Miles | 50 Yards | 0 | 0 | 7.0M | 0 | Dakota |
| Brief Description: The Northfield tornado (which originated in Rice County) crossed Highway 19 into extreme southeastern Dakota County, then went into Goodhue County. Five homes sustained major damage, including one with its roof completely removed. 12 other homes received minor damage. Several motorists barely made it into nearby homes before the tornado struck. | |||||||||||
| 40.5 | 1953-05-10 | 2 | 45°13'N / 92°23'W | 45°39'N / 92°10'W | 31.60 Miles | 100 Yards | 2 | 9 | 2.5M | 0 | Polk |
| 41.1 | 2001-05-09 | 2 | 44°28'N / 93°10'W | 44°28'N / 93°05'W | 5.00 Miles | 50 Yards | 0 | 1 | 9.0M | 0 | Rice |
| Brief Description: NWS damage survey rated the tornado an F2. Tornado touched down briefly in downtown Northfield, flipping over a semi trailer truck and lifting the roof off of one business. Three-fourths mile later, it touched down again on the east side of Northfield, and then remained on the ground for 11 miles. After being in Rice County for 5 miles, it crossed Highway 19 into Dakota County and then dissipated in Goodhue County 4 miles west of Cannon Falls, for a total of 12 miles. Numerous rear flank downdraft gusts estimated at 90 mph caused damage alongside the southern periphery of tornado track. One man sustained minor injuries when he was blown from a tractor, but did not require hospitalization. A total of 8 homes received major damage, 22 more had minor damage, and a turkey processing plant was destroyed. | |||||||||||
| 41.2 | 1977-05-21 | 2 | 44°34'N / 93°37'W | 44°48'N / 93°31'W | 16.60 Miles | 33 Yards | 0 | 0 | 250K | 0 | Scott |
| 41.4 | 1977-07-30 | 3 | 45°14'N / 92°09'W | 45°19'N / 92°04'W | 6.40 Miles | 33 Yards | 0 | 0 | 2.5M | 0 | Barron |
| 41.8 | 1965-05-06 | 4 | 44°54'N / 93°44'W | 44°58'N / 93°44'W | 4.60 Miles | 300 Yards | 0 | 88 | 25.0M | 0 | Hennepin |
| 42.0 | 1968-05-15 | 2 | 44°28'N / 93°14'W | 44°29'N / 93°12'W | 0 | 2 | 250K | 0 | Rice | ||
| 42.3 | 1957-05-21 | 4 | 45°35'N / 92°52'W | 45°43'N / 92°52'W | 9.20 Miles | 100 Yards | 0 | 2 | 25K | 0 | Chisago |
| 42.5 | 1958-06-04 | 5 | 44°55'N / 92°09'W | 44°57'N / 91°55'W | 11.40 Miles | 880 Yards | 20 | 54 | 25.0M | 0 | Dunn |
| 42.5 | 1987-07-27 | 3 | 44°28'N / 93°02'W | 44°26'N / 93°16'W | 10.00 Miles | 220 Yards | 0 | 0 | 2.5M | 0 | Rice |
| 43.8 | 1965-05-06 | 4 | 44°47'N / 93°45'W | 44°54'N / 93°44'W | 7.70 Miles | 300 Yards | 3 | 87 | 25.0M | 0 | Carver |
| 46.3 | 1998-03-29 | 2 | 44°28'N / 93°26'W | 44°28'N / 93°20'W | 5.00 Miles | 440 Yards | 0 | 0 | 20.0M | 0 | Rice |
| Brief Description: Four homes and 6 businesses severely damaged. Street department building damaged. 20 farms damaged or destroyed. | |||||||||||
| 46.3 | 1997-06-15 | 2 | 44°46'N / 92°02'W | 44°46'N / 92°01'W | 1.00 Mile | 500 Yards | 0 | 0 | 200K | 0 | Dunn |
| Brief Description: Three silos, machine shed, barn and several trees damaged or destroyed. Pieces of shed found 1 mile away. Numerous trees and power lines down. | |||||||||||
| 46.9 | 1958-07-14 | 2 | 45°16'N / 91°59'W | 1.00 Mile | 67 Yards | 0 | 0 | 25K | 0 | Barron | |
| 46.9 | 1981-06-13 | 2 | 45°35'N / 93°28'W | 2.00 Miles | 100 Yards | 0 | 0 | 250K | 0 | Isanti | |
| 48.4 | 1951-09-12 | 3 | 44°38'N / 92°05'W | 44°41'N / 92°02'W | 3.30 Miles | 200 Yards | 0 | 0 | 250K | 0 | Pepin |
| 49.7 | 1977-05-21 | 2 | 44°31'N / 93°38'W | 44°34'N / 93°37'W | 2.70 Miles | 100 Yards | 0 | 0 | 250K | 0 | Le Sueur |
| 49.9 | 2010-06-17 | 2 | 45°43'N / 92°52'W | 45°48'N / 92°46'W | 7.00 Miles | 400 Yards | 0 | 2 | 283K | 0K | Pine |
| Brief Description: EVENT NARRATIVE: The severe storm that produced the tornado tracked northeast along the Saint Croix River Valley on the Minnesota-Wisconsin state border. Although the tornado crossed through mostly recreational land, residents between Rush City and Rock Creek in MN, as well as Grantsburg to Yellow Lake in WI were impacted. The maximum path width was a quarter mile, or 400 yards, with an average path width of 400 to 600 ft. The tornado exited Pine County at around 1955 CST, continuing on in Burnett County, WI, where it lifted at 2001 CST, about 3.5 miles northwest of Grantsburg, WI. The total path length was about 6.5 miles. The worst of the damage occurred in far southeast Pine County and was evidence of a strong EF2 tornado with estimated winds of 110-135 mph. This rating was based on the total destruction of a strapped down mobile home and the extensive uprooting/snapping of trees where the tornado crossed Minnesota State Highway 70. Two people in a mobile home were injured. Multiple homes sustained significant damage. EPISODE NARRATIVE: A significant, widespread severe weather outbreak occurred across a large portion of central and east central Minnesota. A powerful mid summer storm system over the western Dakotas, combined with warm moist air surging northward from the Gulf of Mexico, provided the ingredients for tornadoes, destructive winds, and large hail across parts of the Northland. In addition, several storms in the Cass Lake and Lake Winnibigoshish area of north central Minnesota produced a large amount of one to two inch diameter hail, which is about quarter to slightly larger than golf ball size. | |||||||||||
* The information on this page is based on the global volcano database, the U.S. earthquake database of 1638-1985, and the U.S. Tornado and Weather Extremes database of 1950-2010.