Local Data Search
A total of 380 results found. Show Results on Map.
| Rank | Median Household Income ▼ | City / Population |
| 1. | $210,313 | Highland, MD / 1,040 |
| 2. | $156,477 | Fairwood, MD / 5,249 |
| 3. | $156,071 | New Kingstown, PA / 349 |
| 4. | $149,205 | North Star, DE / 7,655 |
| 5. | $146,875 | Brookeville, MD / 156 |
| 6. | $136,748 | Clarksburg, MD / 15,941 |
| 7. | $135,799 | Urbana, MD / 9,990 |
| 8. | $128,529 | Pylesville, MD / 772 |
| 9. | $126,468 | Olney, MD / 35,017 |
| 10. | $125,588 | Riva, MD / 3,955 |
| 11. | $124,453 | Arden On The Severn, MD / 2,245 |
| 12. | $124,286 | Ashton-Sandy Spring, MD / 5,555 |
| 13. | $123,029 | Spencerville, MD / 1,588 |
| 14. | $121,710 | Severna Park, MD / 38,177 |
| 15. | $121,432 | Hockessin, DE / 13,620 |
| 16. | $121,250 | Laytonsville, MD / 334 |
| 17. | $118,640 | Gambrills, MD / 2,619 |
| 18. | $117,663 | Hampton, MD / 4,968 |
| 19. | $117,500 | Washington Grove, MD / 615 |
| 20. | $117,038 | Fulton, MD / 2,114 |
| 21. | $116,113 | Cloverly, MD / 15,467 |
| 22. | $115,605 | Damascus, MD / 15,094 |
| 23. | $114,875 | Linganore, MD / 9,154 |
| 24. | $114,694 | Ellicott City, MD / 68,507 |
| 25. | $113,918 | West Laurel, MD / 4,385 |
| 26. | $113,456 | Pike Creek, DE / 8,142 |
| 27. | $113,372 | Ilchester, MD / 24,959 |
| 28. | $112,643 | Layhill, MD / 5,066 |
| 29. | $110,881 | Four Corners, MD / 8,486 |
| 30. | $109,648 | Pleasant Hills, MD / 3,434 |
| 31. | $109,633 | Crofton, MD / 28,140 |
| 32. | $108,750 | Naval Academy, MD / 5,517 |
| 33. | $108,169 | Eldersburg, MD / 31,799 |
| 34. | $108,064 | Burtonsville, MD / 8,541 |
| 35. | $107,746 | Kemp Mill, MD / 11,850 |
| 36. | $107,292 | Townsend, DE / 2,556 |
| 37. | $106,548 | Herald Harbor, MD / 2,403 |
| 38. | $106,396 | Bowie, MD / 56,335 |
| 39. | $106,325 | Glenn Dale, MD / 13,584 |
| 40. | $105,962 | Colesville, MD / 14,574 |
| 41. | $105,729 | Mount Airy, MD / 9,333 |
| 42. | $105,250 | Arnold, MD / 23,131 |
| 43. | $105,231 | Fallston, MD / 9,056 |
| 44. | $103,000 | Monrovia, MD / 348 |
| 45. | $101,439 | Hillandale, MD / 5,819 |
| 46. | $101,094 | Crownsville, MD / 2,070 |
| 47. | $100,913 | Kingsville, MD / 4,479 |
| 48. | $100,252 | Columbia, MD / 102,116 |
| 49. | $100,208 | New Market, MD / 699 |
| 50. | $99,938 | Redland, MD / 17,443 |
| 51. | $99,538 | Bel Air North, MD / 30,758 |
| 52. | $98,657 | Pasadena, MD / 25,030 |
| 53. | $98,558 | Grantley, PA / 3,742 |
| 54. | $98,524 | Odenton, MD / 38,787 |
| 55. | $97,719 | Cape Saint Claire, MD / 8,858 |
| 56. | $97,578 | Landisville, PA / 1,844 |
| 57. | $97,284 | Stevensville, MD / 6,393 |
| 58. | $96,971 | Mays Chapel, MD / 11,957 |
| 59. | $96,601 | North Laurel, MD / 21,437 |
| 60. | $96,544 | Maryland City, MD / 17,000 |
| 61. | $96,427 | Elkridge, MD / 16,750 |
| 62. | $96,250 | Mount Gretna, PA / 157 |
| 63. | $95,773 | Edgewater, MD / 9,192 |
| 64. | $95,191 | Walkersville, MD / 5,966 |
| 65. | $93,009 | Spring Ridge, MD / 5,895 |
| 66. | $92,841 | Manchester, MD / 4,810 |
| 67. | $92,823 | Lake Shore, MD / 19,045 |
| 68. | $92,500 | Lake Heritage, PA / 1,560 |
| 69. | $91,750 | Jarrettsville, MD / 3,408 |
| 70. | $91,282 | Parole, MD / 17,060 |
| 71. | $91,276 | Severn, MD / 45,396 |
| 72. | $91,058 | East Earl, PA / 1,088 |
| 73. | $90,598 | Lutherville, MD / 6,476 |
| 74. | $90,000 | Berwyn Heights, MD / 3,201 |
| 75. | $89,053 | Bel Air South, MD / 46,614 |
| 76. | $86,975 | Sykesville, MD / 4,426 |
| 77. | $86,879 | Glasgow, DE / 14,962 |
| 78. | $86,842 | Bartonsville, MD / 1,387 |
| 79. | $85,481 | Lake Meade, PA / 2,624 |
| 80. | $85,329 | Skyline View, PA / 3,439 |
| 81. | $85,095 | Rheems, PA / 1,647 |
| 82. | $84,386 | Glenmont, MD / 15,412 |
| 83. | $84,250 | Woodsboro, MD / 1,202 |
| 84. | $84,211 | Konterra, MD / 2,712 |
| 85. | $83,750 | New Freedom, PA / 4,528 |
| 86. | $83,701 | Middletown, DE / 19,469 |
| 87. | $83,571 | Jacobus, PA / 1,896 |
| 88. | $83,065 | Bainbridge, PA / 1,689 |
| 89. | $82,895 | Toughkenamon, PA / 2,002 |
| 90. | $82,256 | Salunga, PA / 2,974 |
| 91. | $82,242 | Savage, MD / 6,139 |
| 92. | $82,030 | Aspen Hill, MD / 51,603 |
| 93. | $81,865 | Timonium, MD / 10,280 |
| 94. | $81,300 | Hampstead, MD / 6,342 |
| 95. | $80,455 | Libertytown, MD / 1,256 |
| 96. | $80,417 | Saint Georges, DE / 1,312 |
| 97. | $80,391 | Cornwall, PA / 4,166 |
| 98. | $80,287 | White Marsh, MD / 9,671 |
| 99. | $79,505 | Riverside, MD / 7,150 |
| 100. | $79,500 | Witmer, PA / 626 |
| 101. | $79,375 | Cross Roads, PA / 604 |
| 102. | $79,079 | Bowmansville, PA / 2,170 |
| 103. | $78,989 | Linthicum, MD / 10,466 |
| 104. | $78,936 | Carroll Valley, PA / 3,894 |
| 105. | $78,859 | Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD / 2,411 |
| 106. | $78,750 | Derwood, MD / 2,178 |
| 107. | $78,742 | Wheaton, MD / 49,831 |
| 108. | $78,000 | Ballenger Creek, MD / 18,400 |
| 109. | $77,721 | Stonybrook, PA / 2,058 |
| 110. | $77,537 | Montgomery Village, MD / 33,027 |
| 111. | $77,500 | Paxtonia, PA / 4,896 |
| 112. | $77,166 | Catonsville, MD / 42,437 |
| 113. | $77,160 | Riviera Beach, MD / 12,811 |
| 114. | $76,708 | Maytown, PA / 3,661 |
| 115. | $76,121 | Calverton, MD / 18,488 |
| 116. | $75,964 | Perry Hall, MD / 28,924 |
| 117. | $75,766 | Randallstown, MD / 33,815 |
| 118. | $75,563 | Charlestown, MD / 1,085 |
| 119. | $75,320 | Annapolis, MD / 38,599 |
| 120. | $75,298 | Shrewsbury, PA / 3,827 |
| 121. | $74,916 | Towson, MD / 57,146 |
| 122. | $74,819 | Garrison, MD / 8,139 |
| 123. | $74,740 | Taneytown, MD / 6,738 |
| 124. | $74,544 | Pikesville, MD / 32,125 |
| 125. | $74,286 | Penryn, PA / 1,176 |
| 126. | $73,964 | Reinholds, PA / 1,821 |
| 127. | $73,438 | Butlertown, MD / 356 |
| 128. | $73,274 | Lampeter, PA / 1,628 |
| 129. | $73,149 | Pike Creek Valley, DE / 10,509 |
| 130. | $73,115 | Linglestown, PA / 6,482 |
| 131. | $72,639 | Conestoga, PA / 1,103 |
| 132. | $72,222 | Orrtanna, PA / 171 |
| 132. | $72,222 | Reamstown, PA / 3,929 |
| 134. | $72,188 | Aspers, PA / 404 |
| 135. | $72,123 | Rothsville, PA / 2,598 |
| 136. | $72,074 | Boiling Springs, PA / 2,822 |
| 137. | $71,909 | Seabrook, MD / 17,115 |
| 138. | $71,326 | Beltsville, MD / 17,580 |
| 139. | $71,250 | Goldsboro, PA / 953 |
| 140. | $71,174 | Joppatowne, MD / 12,948 |
| 141. | $71,161 | New Windsor, MD / 1,237 |
| 142. | $71,153 | Owings Mills, MD / 32,927 |
| 143. | $71,042 | Darlington, MD / 495 |
| 144. | $70,729 | Blue Ball, PA / 1,097 |
| 145. | $70,550 | Washington Boro, PA / 640 |
| 146. | $70,491 | Gap, PA / 1,966 |
| 147. | $70,221 | Arbutus, MD / 21,404 |
| 148. | $70,208 | Palmdale, PA / 1,343 |
| 149. | $69,904 | Atglen, PA / 1,507 |
| 150. | $69,063 | Jefferson borough, PA / 639 |
| 151. | $68,750 | Paradise, PA / 1,024 |
| 152. | $68,274 | Tolchester, MD / 259 |
| 153. | $68,230 | Laurel, MD / 25,673 |
| 154. | $67,941 | Galena, MD / 822 |
| 155. | $67,925 | Bel Air town, MD / 10,240 |
| 156. | $67,917 | Sand Hill, PA / 2,246 |
| 157. | $67,565 | Thurmont, MD / 6,333 |
| 158. | $67,500 | Fairland, MD / 24,127 |
| 158. | $67,500 | New Salem borough, PA / 814 |
| 158. | $67,500 | Fawn Grove, PA / 402 |
| 161. | $67,380 | Bowleys Quarters, MD / 6,419 |
| 162. | $67,378 | Kennett Square, PA / 6,123 |
| 163. | $67,059 | Brickerville, PA / 1,646 |
| 164. | $66,806 | Honey Brook, PA / 1,681 |
| 165. | $66,786 | Thorndale, PA / 3,586 |
| 166. | $66,635 | Spry, PA / 4,664 |
| 167. | $66,382 | West Grove, PA / 2,856 |
| 168. | $65,967 | Frederick, MD / 66,646 |
| 169. | $65,896 | Campbelltown, PA / 3,978 |
| 170. | $65,850 | Woodlawn, MD / 39,518 |
| 171. | $65,729 | Goodville, PA / 554 |
| 172. | $65,641 | Havre De Grace, MD / 13,360 |
| 173. | $65,625 | East Petersburg, PA / 4,504 |
| 174. | $65,274 | Valley Green, PA / 3,761 |
| 175. | $65,192 | Camp Hill, PA / 7,891 |
| 176. | $65,042 | South Laurel, MD / 25,633 |
| 177. | $64,688 | Loganville, PA / 1,226 |
| 178. | $64,643 | Churchtown, PA / 434 |
| 179. | $64,529 | Ferndale, MD / 18,577 |
| 180. | $64,473 | Cockeysville, MD / 21,006 |
| 181. | $64,236 | Avondale, PA / 1,587 |
| 182. | $63,942 | Paxtang, PA / 1,450 |
| 183. | $63,646 | Cochranville, PA / 646 |
| 184. | $63,607 | Susquehanna Trails, PA / 2,906 |
| 185. | $63,544 | Shiloh, PA / 11,493 |
| 186. | $63,487 | Adamstown, PA / 1,733 |
| 187. | $63,389 | Rossville, MD / 15,298 |
| 188. | $63,378 | White Oak, MD / 18,101 |
| 189. | $63,333 | Church Hill, MD / 952 |
| 190. | $63,281 | Refton, PA / 165 |
| 191. | $62,734 | Swartzville, PA / 2,032 |
| 192. | $62,685 | Greenbelt, MD / 23,612 |
| 193. | $62,447 | Glen Burnie, MD / 67,559 |
| 194. | $62,429 | Valley View CDP, PA / 2,670 |
| 195. | $62,222 | Glen Rock, PA / 1,738 |
| 196. | $62,143 | Fivepointville, PA / 1,181 |
| 197. | $61,711 | East York, PA / 8,504 |
| 198. | $61,696 | Hampton, PA / 656 |
| 199. | $61,462 | Fort Meade, MD / 9,809 |
| 200. | $61,346 | Sabillasville, MD / 298 |
| 201. | $61,338 | Carney, MD / 28,194 |
| 202. | $61,154 | Parkesburg, PA / 3,636 |
| 203. | $61,118 | Strasburg, PA / 2,843 |
| 204. | $60,870 | Denver, PA / 3,862 |
| 205. | $60,852 | Lebanon South, PA / 2,428 |
| 206. | $60,833 | Quentin, PA / 454 |
| 207. | $60,647 | Bear, DE / 19,732 |
| 208. | $60,054 | Mount Wolf, PA / 1,648 |
| 209. | $60,000 | Modena, PA / 496 |
| 210. | $59,881 | Overlea, MD / 12,197 |
| 211. | $59,655 | Brownstown CDP, PA / 2,559 |
| 212. | $59,653 | Rutherford, PA / 4,651 |
| 213. | $59,276 | Progress, PA / 9,717 |
| 214. | $58,889 | Spring Grove, PA / 2,455 |
| 215. | $58,627 | Pennville, PA / 1,968 |
| 216. | $58,594 | Felton, PA / 590 |
| 217. | $58,571 | South Coatesville, PA / 1,581 |
| 218. | $58,470 | Brookside, DE / 13,585 |
| 219. | $58,342 | Mechanicsburg, PA / 8,971 |
| 220. | $58,250 | Avon, PA / 1,681 |
| 221. | $58,137 | Milford Mill, MD / 29,758 |
| 222. | $57,938 | Franklintown, PA / 498 |
| 223. | $57,829 | Littlestown, PA / 4,438 |
| 224. | $57,478 | Reisterstown, MD / 27,493 |
| 225. | $57,455 | Bressler, PA / 1,390 |
| 226. | $57,262 | Perryville, MD / 4,391 |
| 227. | $57,115 | Abbottstown, PA / 917 |
| 228. | $56,932 | Lower Allen, PA / 7,012 |
| 229. | $56,776 | Kingstown, MD / 1,880 |
| 230. | $56,587 | Hallam, PA / 2,674 |
| 231. | $56,563 | Table Rock, PA / 43 |
| 231. | $56,563 | Railroad, PA / 218 |
| 233. | $56,526 | Willow Street, PA / 7,485 |
| 234. | $56,445 | Emigsville, PA / 2,967 |
| 235. | $56,250 | Millington, MD / 658 |
| 236. | $56,231 | Lawnton, PA / 3,685 |
| 237. | $56,188 | Ronks, PA / 231 |
| 238. | $56,025 | Edgewood, MD / 26,479 |
| 239. | $55,921 | Cleona, PA / 2,248 |
| 240. | $55,673 | Lochearn, MD / 25,888 |
| 241. | $55,625 | Elkton, MD / 15,673 |
| 242. | $55,601 | Elizabethtown, PA / 11,602 |
| 243. | $55,505 | Middle River, MD / 26,652 |
| 244. | $55,500 | Edgemere, MD / 8,295 |
| 245. | $55,469 | Gardners, PA / 142 |
| 246. | $55,417 | Yorkana, PA / 254 |
| 247. | $55,272 | Quarryville, PA / 2,635 |
| 248. | $55,163 | Chesapeake City, MD / 703 |
| 249. | $55,155 | Rosedale, MD / 18,779 |
| 250. | $55,051 | Westminster, MD / 18,656 |
| 250. | $55,051 | Yorklyn, PA / 1,809 |
| 252. | $54,966 | Brooklyn Park, MD / 14,136 |
| 253. | $54,750 | Christiana, PA / 1,026 |
| 254. | $54,741 | Mount Gretna Heights, PA / 224 |
| 255. | $54,728 | Emmitsburg, MD / 3,001 |
| 256. | $54,629 | Mount Joy, PA / 7,774 |
| 257. | $54,479 | Caln, PA / 1,441 |
| 258. | $54,451 | New Holland, PA / 5,407 |
| 259. | $54,430 | Parkville, MD / 31,606 |
| 260. | $54,375 | Winterstown, PA / 596 |
| 261. | $54,241 | Weigelstown, PA / 13,174 |
| 262. | $54,118 | Hershey, PA / 14,172 |
| 263. | $53,958 | East Berlin, PA / 1,380 |
| 264. | $53,856 | Wormleysburg, PA / 3,064 |
| 265. | $53,833 | Tyler Run, PA / 1,472 |
| 266. | $53,721 | Leisure World, MD / 9,089 |
| 267. | $53,619 | Parkville, PA / 6,949 |
| 268. | $53,375 | Fairfield, PA / 587 |
| 269. | $53,333 | Rock Hall, MD / 1,377 |
| 270. | $53,272 | Jessup, MD / 7,535 |
| 271. | $53,261 | Stewartstown, PA / 2,130 |
| 272. | $53,125 | Newark, DE / 32,278 |
| 273. | $53,075 | New Cumberland, PA / 7,276 |
| 274. | $52,875 | Fairlee, MD / 276 |
| 275. | $52,870 | Annville, PA / 4,826 |
| 276. | $52,865 | Pleasant Hill, PA / 2,620 |
| 277. | $52,400 | Akron, PA / 3,923 |
| 278. | $52,153 | Wakefield, PA / 757 |
| 279. | $51,815 | Timber Hills, PA / 277 |
| 280. | $51,771 | North East, MD / 3,696 |
| 281. | $51,765 | Smoketown, PA / 308 |
| 282. | $51,667 | Shiremanstown, PA / 1,606 |
| 283. | $51,495 | Schaefferstown, PA / 800 |
| 284. | $51,422 | Blue Ridge Summit, PA / 1,243 |
| 285. | $51,406 | Falmouth, PA / 334 |
| 286. | $51,250 | Betterton, MD / 337 |
| 287. | $51,058 | Bonneauville, PA / 1,937 |
| 288. | $50,880 | Morgantown, PA / 1,199 |
| 289. | $50,792 | Lititz, PA / 9,386 |
| 290. | $50,757 | Dover, PA / 1,878 |
| 291. | $50,640 | Palmyra, PA / 7,399 |
| 292. | $50,469 | Royalton, PA / 1,054 |
| 293. | $50,417 | Ephrata, PA / 13,529 |
| 294. | $50,327 | Aberdeen, MD / 15,137 |
| 295. | $50,311 | Essex, MD / 37,380 |
| 296. | $50,220 | Colonial Park, PA / 13,124 |
| 297. | $50,060 | Clay, PA / 1,886 |
| 298. | $50,000 | Union Bridge, MD / 874 |
| 299. | $49,948 | Bendersville, PA / 741 |
| 300. | $49,667 | Hummelstown, PA / 4,544 |
| 301. | $49,560 | Baltimore Highlands, MD / 7,078 |
| 302. | $49,225 | Dundalk, MD / 62,186 |
| 303. | $49,167 | Wrightsville, PA / 2,356 |
| 304. | $49,148 | Bird In Hand, PA / 493 |
| 305. | $48,750 | Schoeneck, PA / 817 |
| 306. | $48,687 | Oxford, PA / 5,100 |
| 307. | $48,367 | Perryman, MD / 2,581 |
| 308. | $48,000 | Westwood, PA / 1,282 |
| 308. | $48,000 | Georgetown CDP, PA / 965 |
| 310. | $47,917 | Seven Valleys, PA / 537 |
| 311. | $47,809 | Enola, PA / 6,053 |
| 312. | $47,772 | West Fairview, PA / 1,313 |
| 313. | $47,500 | Lewisberry, PA / 402 |
| 314. | $47,417 | Gordonville, PA / 671 |
| 315. | $47,375 | Delta, PA / 636 |
| 316. | $47,368 | Dillsburg, PA / 2,573 |
| 317. | $47,273 | Terre Hill, PA / 1,384 |
| 318. | $46,932 | Soudersburg, PA / 487 |
| 319. | $46,925 | Mountville, PA / 2,831 |
| 320. | $46,921 | Mount Holly Springs, PA / 1,828 |
| 321. | $46,696 | East Prospect, PA / 1,140 |
| 322. | $46,675 | Marietta, PA / 2,595 |
| 323. | $46,627 | Steelton, PA / 5,959 |
| 324. | $46,613 | Oberlin, PA / 467 |
| 325. | $46,429 | Manchester, PA / 2,759 |
| 326. | $46,364 | Arendtsville, PA / 994 |
| 327. | $45,946 | Millersville, PA / 8,320 |
| 328. | $45,914 | West York, PA / 4,594 |
| 329. | $45,125 | Intercourse, PA / 1,300 |
| 330. | $44,886 | Heidlersburg, PA / 680 |
| 331. | $44,249 | Hanover, PA / 15,365 |
| 332. | $44,167 | Lemoyne, PA / 4,592 |
| 333. | $43,947 | York Springs, PA / 789 |
| 334. | $43,906 | Port Deposit, MD / 639 |
| 335. | $43,618 | Mcknightstown, PA / 73 |
| 336. | $43,477 | Manheim, PA / 4,864 |
| 337. | $43,410 | Columbia, PA / 10,399 |
| 338. | $43,295 | York Haven, PA / 758 |
| 339. | $43,185 | Lansdowne, MD / 8,714 |
| 340. | $43,021 | Rising Sun, MD / 2,870 |
| 341. | $42,905 | Kennedyville, MD / 208 |
| 342. | $42,891 | Midway, PA / 1,912 |
| 343. | $42,534 | Highspire, PA / 2,438 |
| 344. | $42,100 | Biglerville, PA / 1,107 |
| 345. | $42,083 | Cecilton, MD / 675 |
| 346. | $42,009 | Windsor, PA / 1,298 |
| 347. | $41,953 | Enhaut, PA / 906 |
| 348. | $41,924 | Red Lion, PA / 6,343 |
| 349. | $41,819 | Baltimore, MD / 622,271 |
| 350. | $41,620 | Queens Gate, PA / 1,414 |
| 351. | $41,442 | New Oxford, PA / 2,328 |
| 352. | $40,813 | Union Deposit, PA / 429 |
| 353. | $40,714 | New Market, PA / 546 |
| 354. | $40,682 | Georgetown, MD / 139 |
| 355. | $40,571 | Penbrook, PA / 2,997 |
| 356. | $40,208 | Hebron, PA / 1,037 |
| 357. | $39,844 | Yoe, PA / 952 |
| 358. | $39,688 | Idaville, PA / 152 |
| 359. | $39,583 | Dallastown, PA / 4,029 |
| 360. | $38,867 | Middletown, PA / 8,909 |
| 361. | $38,839 | Hopeland, PA / 638 |
| 362. | $38,750 | Hunterstown, PA / 642 |
| 363. | $38,472 | Edesville, MD / 145 |
| 364. | $38,207 | Little Britain, PA / 83 |
| 365. | $37,500 | Farmersville, PA / 1,185 |
| 366. | $37,467 | North York, PA / 1,712 |
| 367. | $37,381 | Kirkwood, PA / 305 |
| 368. | $37,353 | Stevens, PA / 632 |
| 369. | $36,102 | Mcsherrystown, PA / 3,050 |
| 370. | $35,625 | Wellsville, PA / 287 |
| 371. | $35,601 | Coatesville, PA / 13,130 |
| 372. | $35,313 | Lebanon, PA / 25,553 |
| 373. | $35,081 | Chestertown, MD / 5,221 |
| 374. | $33,772 | Lancaster, PA / 59,368 |
| 375. | $32,476 | Harrisburg, PA / 49,297 |
| 376. | $31,158 | Gettysburg, PA / 7,632 |
| 377. | $28,819 | York, PA / 43,817 |
| 378. | $22,207 | Cashtown, PA / 453 |
| 379. | $21,786 | Worton, MD / 52 |
| 380. | $21,188 | Pomeroy, PA / 151 |
Please note that we only rank locations with 'Median Household Income' data. The rank above might not be a complete list. Locations without 'Median Household Income' data are not listed.