Local Data Search
A total of 370 results found. Show Results on Map. The education index is an indicator of the average education level of the population. A higher education index value means more educated population.
| Rank | Average Education Index ▼ | City / Population |
| 1. | 18.55 | Haverford College, PA / 1,311 |
| 2. | 17.50 | Pine Valley, NJ / 2 |
| 3. | 16.98 | Rose Valley, PA / 885 |
| 4. | 16.85 | Swarthmore, PA / 6,198 |
| 5. | 16.78 | Devon, PA / 1,790 |
| 6. | 16.37 | Woodside, PA / 2,714 |
| 7. | 16.32 | Chesterbrook, PA / 4,483 |
| 8. | 16.25 | Narberth, PA / 4,295 |
| 9. | 16.22 | Haddonfield, NJ / 11,521 |
| 10. | 16.18 | Penn Wynne, PA / 5,740 |
| 11. | 16.12 | Blue Bell, PA / 6,049 |
| 12. | 16.07 | North Star, DE / 7,655 |
| 13. | 16.05 | Bryn Mawr, PA / 3,507 |
| 14. | 16.00 | Greenville, DE / 2,286 |
| 15. | 15.91 | Springdale, NJ / 14,402 |
| 16. | 15.90 | Newtown, PA / 2,240 |
| 17. | 15.90 | Arcadia University, PA / 623 |
| 18. | 15.87 | Fort Washington, PA / 5,619 |
| 19. | 15.83 | Strathmere, NJ / 106 |
| 20. | 15.80 | Woodbourne, PA / 3,719 |
| 21. | 15.70 | Barclay, NJ / 4,321 |
| 22. | 15.69 | Cheyney University, PA / 929 |
| 23. | 15.68 | Hockessin, DE / 13,620 |
| 24. | 15.67 | Eagleview, PA / 2,052 |
| 25. | 15.66 | Spring House, PA / 3,673 |
| 26. | 15.65 | Exton, PA / 4,609 |
| 27. | 15.63 | Pike Creek, DE / 8,142 |
| 28. | 15.59 | Cape May Point, NJ / 200 |
| 29. | 15.59 | Greentree, NJ / 11,529 |
| 30. | 15.59 | Yardley, PA / 2,324 |
| 31. | 15.53 | Jenkintown, PA / 4,441 |
| 32. | 15.52 | Audubon, PA / 8,483 |
| 33. | 15.50 | Ardmore, PA / 12,867 |
| 34. | 15.40 | Wyncote, PA / 3,307 |
| 35. | 15.39 | Richwood, NJ / 3,104 |
| 36. | 15.39 | Avalon, NJ / 1,852 |
| 37. | 15.35 | Bryn Athyn, PA / 1,348 |
| 38. | 15.34 | Ardentown, DE / 289 |
| 39. | 15.33 | Wyndmoor, PA / 5,681 |
| 40. | 15.30 | Plymouth Meeting, PA / 5,721 |
| 41. | 15.28 | Berwyn, PA / 3,222 |
| 42. | 15.27 | Medford Lakes, NJ / 4,138 |
| 43. | 15.25 | Moorestown-Lenola, NJ / 14,436 |
| 44. | 15.23 | Maple Glen, PA / 6,767 |
| 45. | 15.23 | Evansburg, PA / 2,287 |
| 46. | 15.22 | Rutledge, PA / 753 |
| 47. | 15.21 | Flourtown, PA / 4,802 |
| 48. | 15.20 | Newtown Grant, PA / 3,764 |
| 49. | 15.17 | West Conshohocken, PA / 1,322 |
| 50. | 15.16 | Kennedyville, MD / 208 |
| 51. | 15.16 | Stone Harbor, NJ / 775 |
| 52. | 15.15 | Malvern, PA / 3,179 |
| 53. | 15.14 | Newark, DE / 32,278 |
| 54. | 15.13 | Arden, DE / 516 |
| 55. | 15.12 | Chester Heights, PA / 2,568 |
| 56. | 15.11 | Montgomeryville, PA / 12,977 |
| 57. | 15.07 | Paoli, PA / 5,616 |
| 58. | 15.04 | Collegeville, PA / 5,263 |
| 59. | 15.00 | Wenonah, NJ / 2,115 |
| 60. | 14.99 | King Of Prussia, PA / 19,919 |
| 61. | 14.98 | Richboro, PA / 6,382 |
| 62. | 14.98 | Glenside, PA / 7,614 |
| 63. | 14.90 | Media, PA / 5,341 |
| 64. | 14.90 | Pike Creek Valley, DE / 10,509 |
| 65. | 14.89 | Skippack, PA / 3,856 |
| 66. | 14.88 | Kulpsville, PA / 8,401 |
| 67. | 14.87 | Conshohocken, PA / 7,864 |
| 68. | 14.81 | Haddon Heights, NJ / 7,425 |
| 69. | 14.78 | Slaughter Beach, DE / 177 |
| 70. | 14.77 | Diamond Beach, NJ / 145 |
| 71. | 14.75 | Village Shires, PA / 4,069 |
| 72. | 14.74 | Ashland, NJ / 8,260 |
| 73. | 14.73 | Ocean City, NJ / 11,520 |
| 74. | 14.72 | Cherry Hill Mall, NJ / 13,950 |
| 75. | 14.72 | Churchville, PA / 3,843 |
| 76. | 14.69 | Brittany Farms-The Highlands, PA / 3,862 |
| 77. | 14.69 | Trappe, PA / 3,533 |
| 78. | 14.65 | Oreland, PA / 5,748 |
| 79. | 14.64 | Longport, NJ / 949 |
| 80. | 14.61 | Kingston Estates, NJ / 6,161 |
| 81. | 14.57 | Riverton, NJ / 2,766 |
| 82. | 14.57 | Linwood, NJ / 7,071 |
| 83. | 14.57 | Tavistock, NJ / 9 |
| 84. | 14.56 | Olivet, NJ / 1,423 |
| 85. | 14.56 | Ramblewood, NJ / 5,999 |
| 86. | 14.53 | Ardencroft, DE / 221 |
| 87. | 14.52 | Margate City, NJ / 6,343 |
| 88. | 14.49 | Chalfont, PA / 4,052 |
| 89. | 14.49 | Bordentown, NJ / 3,912 |
| 90. | 14.45 | Doylestown, PA / 8,353 |
| 91. | 14.45 | Harleysville, PA / 9,348 |
| 92. | 14.44 | New Britain, PA / 3,028 |
| 93. | 14.41 | Turnersville, NJ / 3,506 |
| 94. | 14.40 | Trooper, PA / 5,868 |
| 95. | 14.38 | North Wales, PA / 3,227 |
| 96. | 14.37 | Collingswood, NJ / 13,929 |
| 97. | 14.36 | Bellefonte, DE / 1,400 |
| 98. | 14.36 | Sea Isle City, NJ / 1,824 |
| 99. | 14.34 | Cape May, NJ / 3,576 |
| 100. | 14.33 | Dover Base Housing, DE / 3,390 |
| 101. | 14.29 | Highland Acres, DE / 3,962 |
| 102. | 14.28 | Mcguire, NJ / 4,932 |
| 103. | 14.28 | Drexel Hill, PA / 28,262 |
| 104. | 14.26 | Woodstown, NJ / 3,497 |
| 105. | 14.26 | West Chester, PA / 18,860 |
| 106. | 14.24 | Langhorne, PA / 1,503 |
| 107. | 14.24 | Ambler, PA / 6,481 |
| 108. | 14.23 | Pottsgrove, PA / 3,249 |
| 109. | 14.17 | Woxall, PA / 1,212 |
| 110. | 14.13 | Ivyland, PA / 1,016 |
| 111. | 14.13 | Wildwood Crest, NJ / 3,225 |
| 112. | 14.13 | Horsham, PA / 14,936 |
| 113. | 14.12 | Havre De Grace, MD / 13,360 |
| 114. | 14.10 | Marlton, NJ / 10,397 |
| 115. | 14.10 | Willow Grove, PA / 16,185 |
| 116. | 14.08 | Middletown, DE / 19,469 |
| 117. | 14.08 | Odessa, DE / 643 |
| 118. | 14.07 | Lansdowne, PA / 10,618 |
| 119. | 14.07 | Beckett, NJ / 4,771 |
| 120. | 14.06 | Edgemoor, DE / 6,089 |
| 121. | 14.06 | Rising Sun-Lebanon, DE / 3,597 |
| 122. | 14.02 | Phoenixville, PA / 16,530 |
| 123. | 14.01 | Echelon, NJ / 10,831 |
| 124. | 14.00 | Lincoln University, PA / 1,771 |
| 125. | 13.99 | Glasgow, DE / 14,962 |
| 126. | 13.97 | Camden, DE / 3,504 |
| 127. | 13.96 | West Cape May, NJ / 855 |
| 128. | 13.96 | Mullica Hill, NJ / 4,437 |
| 129. | 13.94 | Port Republic, NJ / 1,093 |
| 130. | 13.93 | Groveville, NJ / 2,924 |
| 131. | 13.93 | Brigantine, NJ / 9,420 |
| 132. | 13.93 | Hatboro, PA / 7,403 |
| 133. | 13.92 | Glassboro, NJ / 18,798 |
| 134. | 13.92 | Townsend, DE / 2,556 |
| 135. | 13.92 | Chesapeake City, MD / 703 |
| 136. | 13.92 | Spring Mount, PA / 2,317 |
| 137. | 13.91 | Riverview, DE / 2,761 |
| 138. | 13.91 | Pitman, NJ / 8,959 |
| 139. | 13.89 | Smithville, NJ / 6,950 |
| 140. | 13.88 | Broomall, PA / 10,312 |
| 141. | 13.88 | Fieldsboro, NJ / 603 |
| 142. | 13.88 | Northfield, NJ / 8,616 |
| 143. | 13.87 | Ellisburg, NJ / 4,684 |
| 144. | 13.85 | Laurel Springs, NJ / 1,910 |
| 145. | 13.84 | Audubon, NJ / 8,763 |
| 146. | 13.84 | Oaklyn, NJ / 4,022 |
| 147. | 13.83 | Gibbsboro, NJ / 2,324 |
| 148. | 13.83 | Bowers, DE / 272 |
| 149. | 13.80 | Elverson, PA / 1,332 |
| 150. | 13.77 | Thorndale, PA / 3,586 |
| 151. | 13.77 | Sanatoga, PA / 8,581 |
| 152. | 13.77 | Alloway, NJ / 1,710 |
| 153. | 13.76 | Mays Landing, NJ / 1,714 |
| 154. | 13.73 | Feasterville, PA / 3,656 |
| 155. | 13.72 | Barrington, NJ / 6,904 |
| 156. | 13.71 | Yeadon, PA / 11,506 |
| 157. | 13.71 | Rockledge, PA / 2,553 |
| 158. | 13.70 | Lima, PA / 2,345 |
| 159. | 13.70 | Langhorne Manor, PA / 1,446 |
| 160. | 13.69 | Lawnside, NJ / 2,919 |
| 161. | 13.67 | Morrisville, PA / 8,689 |
| 162. | 13.67 | Pemberton, NJ / 1,467 |
| 163. | 13.66 | Lansdale, PA / 16,382 |
| 164. | 13.65 | Morton, PA / 2,670 |
| 165. | 13.64 | Kent Acres, DE / 1,828 |
| 166. | 13.64 | Pedricktown, NJ / 537 |
| 167. | 13.64 | Royersford, PA / 4,774 |
| 168. | 13.63 | Rodney Village, DE / 1,320 |
| 169. | 13.63 | Brookhaven, PA / 8,045 |
| 170. | 13.62 | Pomeroy, PA / 151 |
| 171. | 13.62 | Ridley Park, PA / 7,021 |
| 172. | 13.62 | Palmyra, NJ / 7,372 |
| 173. | 13.61 | Little Britain, PA / 83 |
| 174. | 13.60 | Downingtown, PA / 7,921 |
| 175. | 13.60 | Caln, PA / 1,441 |
| 176. | 13.60 | Cornwells Heights, PA / 1,445 |
| 177. | 13.60 | Yardville, NJ / 6,825 |
| 178. | 13.59 | Cape May Court House, NJ / 5,664 |
| 179. | 13.59 | Schwenksville, PA / 1,415 |
| 180. | 13.58 | Dover, DE / 36,826 |
| 181. | 13.58 | Kenilworth, PA / 1,858 |
| 182. | 13.58 | Betterton, MD / 337 |
| 183. | 13.58 | Folsom, PA / 8,282 |
| 184. | 13.57 | Absecon, NJ / 8,400 |
| 185. | 13.57 | Hartly, DE / 48 |
| 186. | 13.56 | Wyoming, DE / 1,628 |
| 187. | 13.55 | Penndel, PA / 2,700 |
| 188. | 13.54 | Aldan, PA / 4,164 |
| 189. | 13.52 | Bridgeport, PA / 4,573 |
| 190. | 13.51 | Eagleville CDP, PA / 4,768 |
| 191. | 13.51 | Stratford, NJ / 6,997 |
| 192. | 13.51 | Golden Triangle, NJ / 3,751 |
| 193. | 13.50 | Estell Manor, NJ / 1,684 |
| 194. | 13.50 | Swedesboro, NJ / 2,627 |
| 195. | 13.50 | Parkside, PA / 2,192 |
| 196. | 13.47 | Woodbury Heights, NJ / 3,028 |
| 197. | 13.47 | Ventnor City, NJ / 10,632 |
| 198. | 13.47 | Merchantville, NJ / 3,803 |
| 199. | 13.46 | South Coatesville, PA / 1,581 |
| 200. | 13.44 | White Horse, NJ / 8,422 |
| 201. | 13.42 | New Castle, DE / 5,346 |
| 202. | 13.40 | Berlin, NJ / 7,587 |
| 203. | 13.39 | North Wildwood, NJ / 3,995 |
| 204. | 13.39 | Smyrna, DE / 10,681 |
| 205. | 13.39 | Erma, NJ / 2,082 |
| 206. | 13.39 | Sudlersville, MD / 411 |
| 207. | 13.37 | Souderton, PA / 6,668 |
| 208. | 13.35 | Newfield, NJ / 1,681 |
| 209. | 13.35 | West Grove, PA / 2,856 |
| 210. | 13.35 | Village Green-Green Ridge, PA / 7,804 |
| 211. | 13.34 | Viola, DE / 178 |
| 212. | 13.34 | Roebling, NJ / 3,861 |
| 213. | 13.33 | Somers Point, NJ / 10,783 |
| 214. | 13.33 | Woodbury, NJ / 10,098 |
| 215. | 13.31 | Pomona, NJ / 7,164 |
| 216. | 13.31 | Hi Nella, NJ / 817 |
| 217. | 13.29 | Charlestown, MD / 1,085 |
| 218. | 13.27 | Felton, DE / 1,519 |
| 219. | 13.26 | North East, MD / 3,696 |
| 220. | 13.26 | Presidential Lakes Estates, NJ / 2,306 |
| 221. | 13.26 | Hatfield, PA / 3,299 |
| 222. | 13.25 | Bear, DE / 19,732 |
| 223. | 13.25 | Hulmeville, PA / 966 |
| 224. | 13.24 | Elmer, NJ / 1,375 |
| 225. | 13.24 | Brookside, DE / 13,585 |
| 226. | 13.22 | Clayton, DE / 2,989 |
| 227. | 13.20 | Glenolden, PA / 7,150 |
| 228. | 13.19 | Claymont, DE / 9,242 |
| 229. | 13.19 | Somerdale, NJ / 5,246 |
| 230. | 13.18 | Sharon Hill, PA / 5,685 |
| 231. | 13.16 | Gibbstown, NJ / 3,594 |
| 232. | 13.16 | Eddington, PA / 2,000 |
| 233. | 13.16 | Prospect Park borough, PA / 6,464 |
| 234. | 13.16 | Burlington, NJ / 9,865 |
| 235. | 13.16 | Pine Hill, NJ / 10,383 |
| 236. | 13.14 | Perryville, MD / 4,391 |
| 237. | 13.12 | Williamstown, NJ / 15,425 |
| 238. | 13.12 | Telford, PA / 4,910 |
| 239. | 13.10 | Honey Brook, PA / 1,681 |
| 240. | 13.10 | Fairless Hills, PA / 9,289 |
| 241. | 13.09 | Magnolia, NJ / 4,329 |
| 242. | 13.09 | Levittown, PA / 51,326 |
| 243. | 13.08 | Mystic Island, NJ / 7,792 |
| 244. | 13.07 | Wilmington, DE / 71,263 |
| 245. | 13.07 | Beverly, NJ / 2,573 |
| 246. | 13.06 | Corbin City, NJ / 596 |
| 247. | 13.06 | Clementon, NJ / 4,972 |
| 248. | 13.05 | Collingdale, PA / 8,778 |
| 249. | 13.05 | Magnolia, DE / 198 |
| 250. | 13.05 | Country Lake Estates, NJ / 3,484 |
| 251. | 13.05 | Tuckerton, NJ / 3,370 |
| 252. | 13.04 | Atglen, PA / 1,507 |
| 253. | 13.03 | East Lansdowne, PA / 2,670 |
| 254. | 13.03 | Mount Ephraim, NJ / 4,669 |
| 255. | 13.03 | Woodlyn, PA / 10,131 |
| 256. | 13.02 | Clayton, NJ / 8,225 |
| 257. | 13.02 | Elkton, MD / 15,673 |
| 258. | 13.01 | Westwood, PA / 1,282 |
| 259. | 13.01 | Galena, MD / 822 |
| 260. | 13.01 | Pennsville, NJ / 11,864 |
| 261. | 13.00 | Hancocks Bridge, NJ / 196 |
| 262. | 13.00 | Philadelphia, PA / 1,546,920 |
| 263. | 12.99 | Westville, NJ / 4,263 |
| 264. | 12.99 | Quinton, NJ / 606 |
| 265. | 12.98 | Pemberton Heights, NJ / 2,598 |
| 266. | 12.97 | Cochranville, PA / 646 |
| 267. | 12.97 | Fort Dix, NJ / 7,948 |
| 268. | 12.97 | North Cape May, NJ / 2,860 |
| 269. | 12.95 | Clifton Heights, PA / 6,656 |
| 270. | 12.94 | Trevose, PA / 3,062 |
| 271. | 12.94 | Rising Sun, MD / 2,870 |
| 272. | 12.94 | Port Deposit, MD / 639 |
| 273. | 12.94 | Folcroft, PA / 6,615 |
| 274. | 12.92 | Parkesburg, PA / 3,636 |
| 275. | 12.92 | Runnemede, NJ / 8,435 |
| 276. | 12.91 | Norwood, PA / 5,897 |
| 277. | 12.90 | Saint Georges, DE / 1,312 |
| 278. | 12.90 | Glendora, NJ / 4,557 |
| 279. | 12.88 | Hammonton, NJ / 14,796 |
| 280. | 12.87 | Colwyn, PA / 2,542 |
| 281. | 12.87 | Boothwyn, PA / 4,889 |
| 282. | 12.87 | Bellmawr, NJ / 11,538 |
| 283. | 12.86 | Shiloh, NJ / 579 |
| 284. | 12.86 | Spring City, PA / 3,337 |
| 285. | 12.84 | Pottstown, PA / 22,519 |
| 286. | 12.80 | South Pottstown, PA / 1,759 |
| 287. | 12.80 | Tullytown, PA / 1,781 |
| 288. | 12.79 | Collings Lakes, NJ / 1,205 |
| 289. | 12.76 | Milford, DE / 9,882 |
| 290. | 12.76 | Blackwood, NJ / 4,645 |
| 291. | 12.76 | Oxford, PA / 5,100 |
| 292. | 12.75 | Bristol, PA / 9,657 |
| 293. | 12.75 | Delaware City, DE / 1,858 |
| 294. | 12.74 | Folsom, NJ / 1,799 |
| 295. | 12.73 | Carneys Point, NJ / 7,268 |
| 296. | 12.72 | New Egypt, NJ / 2,138 |
| 297. | 12.71 | National Park, NJ / 3,018 |
| 298. | 12.71 | Cedarville, NJ / 642 |
| 299. | 12.67 | Rio Grande, NJ / 2,353 |
| 300. | 12.67 | Millville, NJ / 28,603 |
| 301. | 12.66 | West Wildwood, NJ / 522 |
| 302. | 12.65 | Brooklawn, NJ / 1,879 |
| 303. | 12.65 | Barclay, MD / 54 |
| 304. | 12.63 | Norristown, PA / 34,454 |
| 305. | 12.63 | Lindenwold, NJ / 17,512 |
| 306. | 12.60 | Marcus Hook, PA / 2,430 |
| 307. | 12.60 | Oak Valley, NJ / 3,414 |
| 308. | 12.59 | Christiana, PA / 1,026 |
| 309. | 12.58 | Cecilton, MD / 675 |
| 310. | 12.58 | Cedar Glen Lakes, NJ / 1,527 |
| 311. | 12.56 | Croydon, PA / 10,017 |
| 312. | 12.56 | Linwood, PA / 3,394 |
| 313. | 12.55 | Eddystone, PA / 2,572 |
| 314. | 12.53 | Leisuretowne, NJ / 3,633 |
| 315. | 12.53 | Newport, DE / 1,064 |
| 316. | 12.52 | Paulsboro, NJ / 6,041 |
| 317. | 12.51 | Cheswold, DE / 1,307 |
| 318. | 12.51 | Woodside, DE / 124 |
| 319. | 12.48 | Buena, NJ / 4,623 |
| 320. | 12.46 | Woodside East, DE / 2,140 |
| 321. | 12.46 | Gloucester City, NJ / 11,392 |
| 322. | 12.45 | Juliustown, NJ / 284 |
| 323. | 12.44 | Darby, PA / 10,689 |
| 324. | 12.44 | Trainer, PA / 1,752 |
| 325. | 12.43 | Victory Lakes, NJ / 1,833 |
| 326. | 12.43 | Chesilhurst, NJ / 1,675 |
| 327. | 12.42 | Browns Mills, NJ / 10,973 |
| 328. | 12.41 | Wilmington Manor, DE / 8,049 |
| 329. | 12.40 | Millbourne, PA / 1,291 |
| 330. | 12.40 | Leipsic, DE / 108 |
| 331. | 12.36 | Egg Harbor City, NJ / 4,253 |
| 332. | 12.34 | Wrightstown, NJ / 884 |
| 333. | 12.32 | Vineland, NJ / 60,985 |
| 334. | 12.30 | Wildwood, NJ / 5,255 |
| 335. | 12.29 | Belleplain, NJ / 559 |
| 336. | 12.28 | Coatesville, PA / 13,130 |
| 337. | 12.24 | Frederica, DE / 1,085 |
| 338. | 12.23 | Villas, NJ / 9,199 |
| 339. | 12.20 | Rosenhayn, NJ / 1,202 |
| 340. | 12.15 | Millington, MD / 658 |
| 341. | 12.11 | Chester, PA / 34,007 |
| 342. | 12.09 | Audubon Park, NJ / 1,051 |
| 343. | 12.02 | Modena, PA / 496 |
| 344. | 12.01 | Elsmere, DE / 6,149 |
| 345. | 12.00 | Fairton, NJ / 1,182 |
| 346. | 11.97 | Little Creek, DE / 211 |
| 347. | 11.95 | Kennett Square, PA / 6,123 |
| 348. | 11.93 | Salem, NJ / 5,045 |
| 349. | 11.92 | Atlantic City, NJ / 39,521 |
| 350. | 11.87 | Upland, PA / 3,248 |
| 351. | 11.85 | Wood-Lynne, NJ / 2,972 |
| 352. | 11.83 | Trenton, NJ / 84,459 |
| 353. | 11.81 | Toughkenamon, PA / 2,002 |
| 354. | 11.77 | Pleasantville, NJ / 20,436 |
| 355. | 11.77 | Port Norris, NJ / 1,574 |
| 356. | 11.66 | Laurel Lake, NJ / 2,965 |
| 357. | 11.66 | Warminster Heights, PA / 4,335 |
| 358. | 11.63 | Elwood, NJ / 1,613 |
| 359. | 11.57 | Camden, NJ / 77,294 |
| 360. | 11.55 | Burleigh, NJ / 619 |
| 361. | 11.32 | Kenton, DE / 242 |
| 362. | 11.29 | Woodbine, NJ / 2,605 |
| 363. | 11.20 | Penns Grove, NJ / 5,082 |
| 364. | 11.12 | Seabrook Farms, NJ / 995 |
| 365. | 11.11 | Avondale, PA / 1,587 |
| 366. | 11.04 | Bridgeton, NJ / 25,252 |
| 367. | 10.93 | Templeville, MD / 175 |
| 368. | 10.76 | Henderson, MD / 198 |
| 369. | 10.75 | Kirkwood, PA / 305 |
| 370. | 10.58 | Marydel, MD / 184 |
Please note that we only rank locations with 'Average Education Index' data. The rank above might not be a complete list. Locations without 'Average Education Index' data are not listed.